An Rìbhinn (planaid)

An Rìbhinn
	; Dealbh le dathan fìrinneach dhen Rìbhinn a chaidh a thogail le Mariner 10 's a phròiseasadh le dà chriathrag. Tha neòil pronnaisg thiugha a' falach a h-uachdair.
Feartan na cuairte (Ceann-aimsir J2000)
Aphelion	0.728 213 AU; 108,939,000 km
Perihelion	0.718 440 AU; 107,477,000 km
Aiseal dàrnach	0.723 332 AU; 108,208,000 km
Neo-mheadhanachd	0.006772
Ùine na cuairte	224.701 là; 0.615 198 bliadhna Iulianach; 1.92 là-grèine na Rìbhinne
Ùine co-nasgach	583.92 là
Luaths cuibheasach na reul-cuairte	35.02 km/s
Neo-choitcheannachd meadhain	50.115°
Claonadh	3.394 58° an coimeas na h-èicliptich; 3.86° an coimeas crios-meadhain na Grèine; 2.19° an coimeas plèana neo-chaochlaideach
Domhan-fhad an nòd-dìridh	76.680°
Argamaid a' perihelion	54.884°
Saidealan air a bheil sinn eòlach	Chan eil saideal aice
Feartan fiosaigeach
Rèideas meadhain	6,051.8±1.0 km; 0.9499 uiread dhen Talamh
Leathnachadh	0
Farsaingeachd an uachdair	4.6023×108 km2; /0.902 uiread dhen Talamh
Tomhas lìonaidh	9.2843×1011 km3; 0.866 uiread dhen Talamh
Tomad	4.8675×1024 kg; 0.815 uiread dhen Talamh
Dùmhlachd meadhain	5.243 g/cm3
Iom-tharraing air an uachdair	8.87 m/s2; 0.904 g
Luaths teichidh	10.36 km/s (6.44 mi/s)
Ùine a' chuir reultaich	−243.025 là (ais-cheumach)
Luaths cuir an reul-chriosa	6.52 km/h (1.81 m/s)
Claonadh an aiseil	2.64° le cuairteachadh ais-cheumach; 177.36° an coimeas na reul-cuairte
Dìreadh deas a' phòla a tuath	18u 11m 2d; 272.76°
Dì-chlaonadh a' phòla a tuath	67.16°
Albedo	0.90 (Bond); 0.67 (geomatrach)
Meudachd lèirsinneach	as soilleire −4.9 (corranach); −3.8 (làn)
Trast-thomhas ceàrnach	9.7″ gu 66.0″
Teothachd	Kelvin Meadhain: 737 K; Celsius Meadhain: 462 °C; ; ; ;
Àile
Brùthadh-àile air an uachdar	92 bàr (9.2 MPa)
Stuthan	96.5% carbon dà-ogsaid; 3.5% naitridean; 0.015% carbon dà-shulfaid; 0.007% argon; 0.002% deathach uisge; 0.0017% carbon aon-ogsaid; 0.0012% helium; 0.0007% neon; Lorgan dhe shuilfid carbonyl; Lorgan dhe haidridean clòraid; Lorgan dhe haidridean fluaraid

"Venus" ath-sheòlaidhean an seo. Airson cleachdaidhean eile, faic Venus (soilleireachadh).

B' e Bhèineas neo Rìbhinn an darna planaid. Is i an rud as dearrsach san speur againne as deidh, an Grian agus an Gealach, agus tha far-ainm aice - "a' Mhadainneag". 'S e Bhèineas am planaid as fhaisge dhuinn. Chan eil saideal aice.

Tha àile tiugh is stoirmeil aig a' phlanaid

Ràinig na Sovietich Bhèineas sa chiad aite, leis na proban "Venera". chunnaic iad àile geur is garbh, agus talamh teth. Cha do mhair na proban ach mionaidean. Gu mi-fhortanach, cha bidh daoine a' fuireach ann a dh'aithghearr, agus gun teagamh, chan eil beatha sam bith air an talamh aige.

Bha ceangail làidir eadar Bheineas agus Quetzacoatl, agus chleachd na Comunnaich i, mar seorsa seun, m.e. b' e The Morning Star, pàipear-naidheachd Comunnach.

Iomraidhean

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Williams, David R. (5mh dhen Ghiblean 2005): “Venus Fact Sheet”. NASA. Air a thogail 12mh dhen Dàmhair 2007.
↑ Lorenz, Ralph D., Lunine, Jonathan I. ⁊ Withers, Paul G. ⁊ McKay, Christopher P. (2001): “Titan, Mars and Earth: Entropy Production by Latitudinal Heat Transport”. Ames Research Center, University of Arizona Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. Air a thogail 21mh dhen Lùnasdal 2007 (PDF).
↑ Yeomans, Donald K.: “HORIZONS Web-Interface for Venus (Major Body=2)”. JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System.—Tagh "Ephemeris Type: Orbital Elements", "Time Span: 2000-01-01 12:00 to 2000-01-02". (Bu chòir dha "Target Body: Venus" agus "Center: Sun" a bhith 'nam bun-roghainnean.) 'S e luachan na reul-cuairte pògaidh sa bhad air ceann-aimsir J2000 pongail a tha sna toraidhean.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Simon, J.L., Bretagnon, P.; Chapront, J.; Chapront-Touzé, M.; Francou, G.; Laskar, J. (): “Numerical expressions for precession formulae and mean elements for the Moon and planets,” ann an: Astronomy and Astrophysics, leabhar 282, àir. 2, td. 663–683. Bibcode: 1994A&A...282..663S.
↑ “The MeanPlane (Invariable plane) of the Solar System passing through the barycenter”. Air a thasglannadh [o http://home.surewest.net/kheider/astro/MeanPlane.gif] 17mh dhen Ghiblean 2012. Air a thogail 10mh dhen Ghiblean 2009. (chaidh a dhèanamh le Solex 10 (duilleag-lìn Solex 10 air a tasgadh 18 dhen t-Sultain 2015) air a sgrìobhadh le Aldo Vitagliano))
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Seidelmann, P. Kenneth, Archinal, Brent A.; A'Hearn, Michael F.; Conrad, Albert R.; Consolmagno, Guy J.; Hestroffer, Daniel; Hilton, James L.; Krasinsky, Georgij A.; Neumann, Gregory A.; Oberst, Jürgen; Stooke, Philip J.; Tedesco, Edward F.; Tholen, David J.; Thomas, Peter C.; Williams, Iwan P. (2007): “Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2006,” ann an: Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, leabhar 98, àir. 3, td. 155–180. Bibcode: 2007CeMDA..98..155S. doi:10.1007/s10569-007-9072-y.
↑ Konopliv, A. S., Banerdt, W. B.; Sjogren, W. L. (An Cèitean 1999): “Venus Gravity: 180th Degree and Order Model,” ann an: Icarus, leabhar 139, àir. 1, td. 3–18. Bibcode: 1999Icar..139....3K. doi:10.1006/icar.1999.6086.
↑ "Planets and Pluto: Physical Characteristics". NASA. 2008-11-05. Retrieved 2015-08-26.
↑ "Report on the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements of the planets and satellites". International Astronomical Union. 2000. Retrieved 2007-04-12.
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 Mallama, A., Wang, D.; Howard, R.A. (2006): “Venus phase function and forward scattering from H₂SO₄,” ann an: Icarus, leabhar 182, àir. 1, td. 10–22. Bibcode: 2006Icar..182...10M. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2005.12.014.
↑ Mallama, A. (2011): “Planetary magnitudes,” ann an: Sky & Telescope, leabhar 121, àir. 1, td. 51–56.
↑ "HORIZONS Web-Interface for Venus (Major Body=299)". JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System (Geophysical data). 2006-04-27. Retrieved 2010-11-28. (Le JPL Horizons, chì thu gun robh meudachd lèirsinneach dhe −4.89 aig an Rìbhinn 8 dhen Dùbhlachd 2013)
↑ Espenak, Fred (1996). "Venus: Twelve year planetary ephemeris, 1995–2006". NASA Reference Publication 1349. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. Retrieved 2006-06-20.

An Crios-Grèine

Planaidean	Mearcar • An Rìbhinn/Bhèineas • An Talamh (A' Ghealach*) • An Corg/Màrs • Am Bliogh/Iupatar • Satarn • Ùranas - Neaptun
Fo-phlanaidean	Plùto • Sedna • Ceres • Eris • Makemake • Haumea
Eile	Grian • Crios Reultan Seachrain • Reultan earballach • Crios Kuiper • Diosg Sgapte • Neul Oort • 2003 UB₃₁₃
* Chan e planaid a th' anns A' Ghealach ach saideal ann an reul-eòlas seach anns an t-siostam Ptolemy.

[fact-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Williams, David R. (5mh dhen Ghiblean 2005): “Venus Fact Sheet”. NASA. Air a thogail 12mh dhen Dàmhair 2007.

[2] Lorenz, Ralph D., Lunine, Jonathan I. ⁊ Withers, Paul G. ⁊ McKay, Christopher P. (2001): “Titan, Mars and Earth: Entropy Production by Latitudinal Heat Transport”. Ames Research Center, University of Arizona Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. Air a thogail 21mh dhen Lùnasdal 2007 (PDF).

[horizons-3] Yeomans, Donald K.: “HORIZONS Web-Interface for Venus (Major Body=2)”. JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System.—Tagh "Ephemeris Type: Orbital Elements", "Time Span: 2000-01-01 12:00 to 2000-01-02". (Bu chòir dha "Target Body: Venus" agus "Center: Sun" a bhith 'nam bun-roghainnean.) 'S e luachan na reul-cuairte pògaidh sa bhad air ceann-aimsir J2000 pongail a tha sna toraidhean.

[VSOP87-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Simon, J.L., Bretagnon, P.; Chapront, J.; Chapront-Touzé, M.; Francou, G.; Laskar, J. (): “Numerical expressions for precession formulae and mean elements for the Moon and planets,” ann an: Astronomy and Astrophysics, leabhar 282, àir. 2, td. 663–683. Bibcode: 1994A&A...282..663S.

[meanplane-5] “The MeanPlane (Invariable plane) of the Solar System passing through the barycenter”. Air a thasglannadh [o http://home.surewest.net/kheider/astro/MeanPlane.gif] 17mh dhen Ghiblean 2012. Air a thogail 10mh dhen Ghiblean 2009. (chaidh a dhèanamh le Solex 10 (duilleag-lìn Solex 10 air a tasgadh 18 dhen t-Sultain 2015) air a sgrìobhadh le Aldo Vitagliano))

[Seidelmann2007-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Seidelmann, P. Kenneth, Archinal, Brent A.; A'Hearn, Michael F.; Conrad, Albert R.; Consolmagno, Guy J.; Hestroffer, Daniel; Hilton, James L.; Krasinsky, Georgij A.; Neumann, Gregory A.; Oberst, Jürgen; Stooke, Philip J.; Tedesco, Edward F.; Tholen, David J.; Thomas, Peter C.; Williams, Iwan P. (2007): “Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2006,” ann an: Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, leabhar 98, àir. 3, td. 155–180. Bibcode: 2007CeMDA..98..155S. doi:10.1007/s10569-007-9072-y.

[Konopliv1999-7] Konopliv, A. S., Banerdt, W. B.; Sjogren, W. L. (An Cèitean 1999): “Venus Gravity: 180th Degree and Order Model,” ann an: Icarus, leabhar 139, àir. 1, td. 3–18. Bibcode: 1999Icar..139....3K. doi:10.1006/icar.1999.6086.

[8] "Planets and Pluto: Physical Characteristics". NASA. 2008-11-05. Retrieved 2015-08-26.

[iauwg_ccrsps2000-9] "Report on the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements of the planets and satellites". International Astronomical Union. 2000. Retrieved 2007-04-12.

[MallamaVenus-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Mallama, A., Wang, D.; Howard, R.A. (2006): “Venus phase function and forward scattering from H₂SO₄,” ann an: Icarus, leabhar 182, àir. 1, td. 10–22. Bibcode: 2006Icar..182...10M. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2005.12.014.

[MallamaSky-11] Mallama, A. (2011): “Planetary magnitudes,” ann an: Sky & Telescope, leabhar 121, àir. 1, td. 51–56.

[JPL-Horizons-12] "HORIZONS Web-Interface for Venus (Major Body=299)". JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System (Geophysical data). 2006-04-27. Retrieved 2010-11-28. (Le JPL Horizons, chì thu gun robh meudachd lèirsinneach dhe −4.89 aig an Rìbhinn 8 dhen Dùbhlachd 2013)

[ephemeris-13] Espenak, Fred (1996). "Venus: Twelve year planetary ephemeris, 1995–2006". NASA Reference Publication 1349. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. Retrieved 2006-06-20.

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An Rìbhinn
Dealbh le dathan fìrinneach dhen Rìbhinn a chaidh a thogail le Mariner 10 's a phròiseasadh le dà chriathrag. Tha neòil pronnaisg thiugha a' falach a h-uachdair.
Feartan na cuairte (Ceann-aimsir J2000) ^[1]^[2]^[3]
Aphelion	0.728 213 AU 108,939,000 km
Perihelion	0.718 440 AU 107,477,000 km
Aiseal dàrnach	0.723 332 AU 108,208,000 km
Neo-mheadhanachd	0.006772^[4]
Ùine na cuairte	224.701 là^[1] 0.615 198 bliadhna Iulianach 1.92 là-grèine na Rìbhinne
Ùine co-nasgach	583.92 là^[1]
Luaths cuibheasach na reul-cuairte	35.02 km/s
Neo-choitcheannachd meadhain	50.115°
Claonadh	3.394 58° an coimeas na h-èicliptich 3.86° an coimeas crios-meadhain na Grèine 2.19° an coimeas plèana neo-chaochlaideach^[5]
Domhan-fhad an nòd-dìridh	76.680°^[4]
Argamaid a' perihelion	54.884°
Saidealan air a bheil sinn eòlach	Chan eil saideal aice
Feartan fiosaigeach
Rèideas meadhain	6,051.8±1.0 km^[6] 0.9499 uiread dhen Talamh
Leathnachadh	0^[6]
Farsaingeachd an uachdair	4.6023×10⁸ km² /0.902 uiread dhen Talamh
Tomhas lìonaidh	9.2843×10¹¹ km³ 0.866 uiread dhen Talamh
Tomad	4.8675×10²⁴ kg^[7] 0.815 uiread dhen Talamh
Dùmhlachd meadhain	5.243 g/cm³
Iom-tharraing air an uachdair	8.87 m/s² 0.904 g
Luaths teichidh	10.36 km/s (6.44 mi/s)^[8]
Ùine a' chuir reultaich	−243.025 là (ais-cheumach)^[1]
Luaths cuir an reul-chriosa	6.52 km/h (1.81 m/s)
Claonadh an aiseil	2.64° le cuairteachadh ais-cheumach 177.36° an coimeas na reul-cuairte^[1]
Dìreadh deas a' phòla a tuath	18^u 11^m 2^d 272.76°^[9]
Dì-chlaonadh a' phòla a tuath	67.16°
Albedo	0.90 (Bond)^[10] 0.67 (geomatrach)^[10]
Meudachd lèirsinneach	as soilleire −4.9^[11]^[12] (corranach) −3.8^[13] (làn)
Trast-thomhas ceàrnach	9.7″ gu 66.0″^[1]
Teothachd	Kelvin Meadhain: 737 K^[1] Celsius Meadhain: 462 °C
Àile
Brùthadh-àile air an uachdar	92 bàr (9.2 MPa)
Stuthan	96.5% carbon dà-ogsaid 3.5% naitridean 0.015% carbon dà-shulfaid 0.007% argon 0.002% deathach uisge 0.0017% carbon aon-ogsaid 0.0012% helium 0.0007% neon Lorgan dhe shuilfid carbonyl Lorgan dhe haidridean clòraid Lorgan dhe haidridean fluaraid