An diofar eadar na mùthaidhean a rinneadh air "Rìoghachd na h-Alba"

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Loidhne 41:
Ghlèidh rìoghachd aonaichte na h-Alba cuid a ghnàthasan a bhiodh aig na Cruithnich roimhe. Chithear seo sna gnàthasan ealanta aig crùnadh [[Sgàin]].<ref name="Webster1997pp45-7">B. Webster, ''Medieval Scotland: the Making of an Identity'' (St. Martin's Press, 1997), ISBN 0333567617, pp. 45-7.</ref> Ged a bha monarcachd na h-Alba sna meadhan-aoisean a' siubhal o àite gu àite a ghnàth, bha Sgàin fhathast am measg nan àitichean as cudromaiche agus dh'fhàs caistealan rìoghail mar [[Caisteal Shruighlea|Chaisteal Shruighlea]] agus [[Caisteal Pheairt|Chaisteal Pheairt]] cudromach aig deireadh nam meadhan-aoisean mus do dh'fhàs [[Dùn Èideann]] 'na cheanna-bhail ann an dàrna leth na còigeamh linn dheug.<ref name=McNeil&MacQueenpp159-63>P. G. B. McNeill and Hector L. MacQueen, eds, ''Atlas of Scottish History to 1707'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1996), pp. 159–63.</ref><ref name="Wormald1991pp14-5">J. Wormald, ''Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN 0748602763, pp. 14-15.</ref> Ged a bha iomadh rìgh ann nach robh aig inbheachd, mhair an crùn ann mar phrìomh-eileamaid an riaghaltais. Aig deireadh nam meadhan-aoisean, thàinig an aon at air a’ chrùn ’s a thàinig air feadhainn eile san Roinn Eòrpa.<ref>J. D. Mackie, B. Lenman and G. Parker, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jGYDyP0xkFcC&pg=PT150&dq=renaissance+scotland+monarchy&hl=En&ei=-D2dT_iHIaPN0QXwrJDlDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-thumbnail&resnum=3&ved=0CEcQ6wEwAg#v=onepage&q=renaissance%20scotland%20monarchy&f=false ''A History of Scotland''] (London: Penguin, 1991), ISBN 0140136495.</ref> Chaidh teòirigean air cuingeachadh na monarcachd agus comhaireachd a dheasbad ann an Alba, gu sònraiche le [[Seòras Bochanan]] san 16mh linn ach bhrosnaiche [[Seumas VI na h-Alba is Seumas I Shasainn|Rìgh Seumas VI]] teòirig [[còir dhiadhaidh rìghrean]] agus dh'èirich an deasbad seo a-rithist 's a-rithist, rìgh air rìgh, èiginn air èiginn. Dh'fhuirich a' chùirt rìoghail fhathast aig teis-mheadhan an t-saoghail phoilitigich agus b' e a' chùirt prìomh-ionad taisbeanadh nan ealain agus cùl-taic nan ealain a-mach on t-siathamh linn dheug gus an deach a leigeil mu sgaoil aig àm [[Aonadh nan Crùintean]] ann an 1603.<ref name="Thomas2012pp200-2">A. Thomas, "The Renaissance", in T. M. Devine and J. Wormald, ''The Oxford Handbook of Modern Scottish History'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), ISBN 0191624330, pp. 200-2.</ref>
 
Thog crùn na h-Alba na dreuchdan a bha cumanta ann an cùirtean taobh an iar na Roinn Eòrpa, mar an [[Stiùbhard na h-Alba|stiùbhard]], [[Seumarlan na h-Alba|seumarlan]], [[Constabal na h-Alba|constabal]], [[Marasgal na h-Alba|marasgal]] agus [[Seansalair na h-Alba|seansalair]].<ref name=Barrow1965pp11-12>G. W. S. Barrow, Robert Bruce (Berkeley CA.: University of California Press, 1965), pp. 11-12.</ref> Dh'fhàs Comhairle an Rìgh na bhuidheann làn-ùine sa chòigeamh linn dheug agus thar ùine, fhuair daoine nach robh nan clèireach agus a bha tàireil air rian a' cheartais làmh an uachdair ann.<ref name="Wormald1991pp22-3">J. Wormald, ''Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN 0748602763, pp. 22-3.</ref> TheBha [[PrivyComhairle councilDhìomhair ofna Scotlandh-Alba|Privya' chomhairle Councildhìomhair]], whicha developedthàinig ingu thebith mid-sixteenthaig meadhan na siathamh linn centurydheug,<ref name="Goodacre2004pp35&130">J. Goodacre, ''The Government of Scotland, 1560-1625'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), ISBN 0199243549, pp. 35 and 130.</ref> andagus theoifisean greatmòra officesna of statestàite, includinga' thegabhail chancellora-staigh an t-seansalair, secretaryrùnaire andagus agus [[TreasurerIonmhasair ofna Scotlandh-Alba|treasurerionmhasair]], remainedaig centralteis-mheadhan torianachd thean administrationriaghaltais offad theùine governmentmhòr, evenfiù afteran thedèidh departuredha ofna themonarcan StuartStiùbhartach monarchsfalbh toa ruleShasainn in Englanda-mach fromo 1603.<ref name="Goodacre2004pp150-1">J. Goodacre, ''The Government of Scotland, 1560-1625'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), ISBN 0199243549, pp. 150-1.</ref> However, it was often sidelined and was abolished after the [[Acts of Union 1707|Act of Union of 1707]], with rule direct from London.<ref>J. D. Mackie, B. Lenman and G. Parker, ''A History of Scotland'' (London: Penguin, 1991), ISBN 0140136495, p. 287.</ref> Parliament also emerged as a major legal institution, gaining an oversight of taxation and policy.<ref>K. M. Brown and R. J. Tanner, ''The History of the Scottish Parliament volume 1: Parliament and Politics, 1235-1560'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2004), pp. 1-28.</ref> By the end of the Middle Ages it was sitting almost every year, partly because of the frequent minorities and regencies of the period, which may have prevented it from being sidelined by the monarchy.<ref name="Wormald1991p21">J. Wormald, ''Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN 0748602763, p. 21.</ref> In the early modern era was also vital to the running of the country, providing laws and taxation, but it had fluctuating fortunes and never achieved the centrality to the national life of its counterpart in England before it was disbanded in 1707.<ref>R. Mitchison, ''A History of Scotland'' (London: Routledge, 3rd edn., 2002), ISBN 0415278805, p. 128.</ref>
 
In the early period the kings of the Scots depended on the great lords of the [[mormaer]]s (later [[earl]]s) and Toísechs (later [[thanes]]), but from the reign of David I, [[sheriffdom]]s were introduced, which allowed more direct control and gradually limited the power of the major lordships.<ref name=McNeil&MacQueenpp191-4>P. G. B. McNeill and Hector L. MacQueen, eds, ''Atlas of Scottish History to 1707'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1996), pp. 191-4.</ref> In the seventeenth century the creation of [[Justices of Peace]] and [[Commissioners of Supply]] helped to increase the effectiveness of local government.<ref>R. A. Houston, I. D. Whyte, ''Scottish Society, 1500-1800'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), ISBN 0521891671, p. 202.</ref> The continued existence of [[Court baron|courts baron]] and introduction of [[kirk session]]s helped consolidate the power of local [[laird]]s.<ref>R. Mitchison, ''Lordship to Patronage, Scotland 1603-1745'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1983), ISBN 074860233X, pp. 80-1.</ref>